How do 3-month-old infants attribute preferences to a human agent?

•Three-month-old infants seemed to attribute a preference to a human agent.•Three-month-olds require sufficient featural information to identify a human agent.•By 3 months of age, infants seem to engage in psychological reasoning about agents. The current study showed that 3-month-old infants attributed a preference to a human agent, with her face and upper body visible, when she consistently reached for and grasped one of two objects with her bare hand. In contrast, infants did not appear to interpret the agent’s same actions of grasping the object as indicative of her preference when it was the only object present or when it hid the other object from her but not from the infants. These results suggest that even from an early age, infants interpret human agents’ actions in terms of mental states such as goals and preferences. In light of the current results, mechanisms for early psychological understanding are discussed.