Aerobic Degradation of a Mixture of Azo Dyes in a Packed Bed Reactor Having Bacteria-Coated Laterite Pebbles

A microbial consortium capable of aerobic degradation of a mixture of azo dyes consisting of two isolated strains (RRL, TVM) and one known strain of Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 1194) was immobilized on laterite stones. The amount of bacterial biomass attached to the laterite stones was 8.64 g per 100 g of the stone on a dry weight basis. The packed bed reactor was filled with these stones and had a total capacity of 850 mL and a void volume of 210 mL. The feed consisted of an equal mixture of seven azo dyes both in water as well as in a simulated textile effluent, at a pH of 9.0 and a salinity of 900 mg/L. The dye concentrations of influent were 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL.The residence time was varied between 0.78 and 6.23 h. It was found that at the lowest residence time 23.55, 45.73, and 79.95 μg of dye was degraded per hour at an initial dye concentration of 25, 50, and 100 μg, respectively. The pH was reduced from 9.0 to 7.0. Simulated textile effluent containing 50 μg/mL dye was degraded by 61.7%. Analysis of degradation products by TLC and HPLC showed that the dye mixture was degraded to nontoxic smaller molecules. The bacteria‐coated pebbles were stable, there was no washout even after 2 months, and the reactor was found to be suitable for the aerobic degradation of azo dyes.