Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and hypertension incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Despite the established relationship of obesity to hypertension, the question as to whether there is a linear association between these two morbidities is unanswered. To quantitatively evaluate the relationship between obesity and hypertension, we carried out a dose–response meta-analysis of studies that looked at the relationship of different adiposity measures to hypertension. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published before 27 June 2017. A random-effects model was used to pool relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to model the relationship. A total of 59 studies were included. Fifty-seven cohort studies with 125,071 incident cases among 830,685 participants were included in the analysis of body mass index and hypertension with the summary relative risk for per 5-unit increment in body mass index of 1.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.40–1.59). We found that the risk of hypertension in the body mass index analysis was greater in populations where the baseline body mass index was