Effect of Age, Gender, and Sun Exposure on Ethnic Skin Photoaging: Evidence Gathered Using a New Photonumeric Scale
Abstract Background African–Americans are less affected by photoaging than lighter skin individuals. Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans. Aim To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the National Medical Association 2018-04, Vol.110 (2), p.176-181 |
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| creator | Chien, Anna L., M.D Qi, Ji, B.A Grandhi, Radhika, B.A Kim, Noori, M.D César, Sabrina Sisto Alessi, M.D Harris-Tryon, Tamia, M.D., Ph.D Jang, Min Soo, M.D Olowoyeye, Omolara, M.D Kuhn, Diane, Ph.D Leung, Sherry, B.A Rainer, Barbara M., M.D Poon, Flora, M.D Suh, Jean, M.D Cheng, Nancy, M.D Okoye, Ginette A., M.D Kang, Sewon, M.D |
| description | Abstract Background African–Americans are less affected by photoaging than lighter skin individuals. Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans. Aim To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that contribute to photoaging in African–Americans. Methods Five participants' photographs were selected as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). Three blinded dermatologists used the scale to grade the remaining participants' photographs. Results Interrater reliabilities were 0.775 (95% CI: 0.635, 0.880) for trial 1 and 0.832 (0.747, 0.883) for trial 2. Intrarater reliabilities, assessed over a 1 week interval, were 0.863 (0.727, 0.940), 0.928 (0.890, 0.954), and 0.866 (0.739, 0.935) for the three graders, indicating strong agreement. Photoaging scores were then correlated with participants' survey on lifestyle factors, which yielded age as a significant predictor (r = 0.91, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.05.001 |
| format | Article |
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Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans. Aim To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that contribute to photoaging in African–Americans. Methods Five participants' photographs were selected as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). Three blinded dermatologists used the scale to grade the remaining participants' photographs. Results Interrater reliabilities were 0.775 (95% CI: 0.635, 0.880) for trial 1 and 0.832 (0.747, 0.883) for trial 2. Intrarater reliabilities, assessed over a 1 week interval, were 0.863 (0.727, 0.940), 0.928 (0.890, 0.954), and 0.866 (0.739, 0.935) for the three graders, indicating strong agreement. Photoaging scores were then correlated with participants' survey on lifestyle factors, which yielded age as a significant predictor (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression model to predict facial photoaging (adjusted R2 = 0.849) selected age (b1 = 0.111, p < 0.001), sun exposure (b2 = 0.206, p = 0.014), and gender (b2 = −0.388, p = 0.063) as the most important variables. Conclusions A reliable photonumeric scale for photoaging in African Americans was developed. Age, sun exposure, and male gender were found to be contributory factors to photoaging.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-9684</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-4693</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.05.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29580452</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>African Americans ; Age ; Aging ; Birth control ; Body mass index ; Cigarettes ; Dermatology ; Ethnic skin ; Gender ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Internal Medicine ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Photoaging scale ; Population ; Pregnancy ; Skin ; Smoking ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Sun-exposed skin ; Sunscreen</subject><ispartof>Journal of the National Medical Association, 2018-04, Vol.110 (2), p.176-181</ispartof><rights>National Medical Association</rights><rights>2018 National Medical Association</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-83dcc3910e3fe0ec6c2ac03147b17ed5c0d02c0fafb73053f0f72f4d4998fee13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-83dcc3910e3fe0ec6c2ac03147b17ed5c0d02c0fafb73053f0f72f4d4998fee13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2188188991?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,64364,64366,64368,72218</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29580452$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chien, Anna L., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Ji, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grandhi, Radhika, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Noori, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>César, Sabrina Sisto Alessi, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris-Tryon, Tamia, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Min Soo, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olowoyeye, Omolara, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuhn, Diane, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Sherry, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rainer, Barbara M., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poon, Flora, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suh, Jean, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Nancy, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Ginette A., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Sewon, M.D</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Age, Gender, and Sun Exposure on Ethnic Skin Photoaging: Evidence Gathered Using a New Photonumeric Scale</title><title>Journal of the National Medical Association</title><addtitle>J Natl Med Assoc</addtitle><description>Abstract Background African–Americans are less affected by photoaging than lighter skin individuals. Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans. Aim To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that contribute to photoaging in African–Americans. Methods Five participants' photographs were selected as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). Three blinded dermatologists used the scale to grade the remaining participants' photographs. Results Interrater reliabilities were 0.775 (95% CI: 0.635, 0.880) for trial 1 and 0.832 (0.747, 0.883) for trial 2. Intrarater reliabilities, assessed over a 1 week interval, were 0.863 (0.727, 0.940), 0.928 (0.890, 0.954), and 0.866 (0.739, 0.935) for the three graders, indicating strong agreement. Photoaging scores were then correlated with participants' survey on lifestyle factors, which yielded age as a significant predictor (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression model to predict facial photoaging (adjusted R2 = 0.849) selected age (b1 = 0.111, p < 0.001), sun exposure (b2 = 0.206, p = 0.014), and gender (b2 = −0.388, p = 0.063) as the most important variables. Conclusions A reliable photonumeric scale for photoaging in African Americans was developed. Age, sun exposure, and male gender were found to be contributory factors to photoaging.</description><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Birth control</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cigarettes</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Ethnic skin</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Hormone replacement therapy</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</subject><subject>Photoaging scale</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sun-exposed skin</subject><subject>Sunscreen</subject><issn>0027-9684</issn><issn>1943-4693</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9klFrFDEUhQdR7Fr9Az5IwBcfOuPNZGZnIiKUsl2FosLa55BNbnYznUnWZKbaf2-GbfvQByGQQM45JOe7WfaWQkGBLj92RecGWZRAmwLqAoA-yxaUVyyvlpw9zxYAZZPzZVudZK9i7ACg5XX9Mjsped1CVZeLLK6MQTUSb8j5Ds_IGp3GcEak02QzObL6e_BxCkh8Oo97ZxXZ3FhHfu796OXOut0nsrq1Gp1CspbjHgNqch3TBZHkO_45Kt00YJi9Svb4OnthZB_xzf1-ml1frn5dfM2vfqy_XZxf5apifMxbppVinAIyg4BqqUqpgNGq2dIGda1AQ6nASLNtGNTMgGlKU-mK89YgUnaafTjmHoL_PWEcxWCjwr6XDv0URSqOA-N1VSXp-yfSzk_BpdeJkrZtWpzPgeVRpYKPMaARh2AHGe4EBTEjEZ2YkczJjYBaJCTJ9O4-etoOqB8tDwyS4PNRgKmLW4tBRGXnPrUNCY3Q3v4__8sTu-pt4iT7G7zD-PgPKmIpQGzmoZhngqbSoAXO_gGY4rCI</recordid><startdate>20180401</startdate><enddate>20180401</enddate><creator>Chien, Anna L., M.D</creator><creator>Qi, Ji, B.A</creator><creator>Grandhi, Radhika, B.A</creator><creator>Kim, Noori, M.D</creator><creator>César, Sabrina Sisto Alessi, M.D</creator><creator>Harris-Tryon, Tamia, M.D., Ph.D</creator><creator>Jang, Min Soo, M.D</creator><creator>Olowoyeye, Omolara, M.D</creator><creator>Kuhn, Diane, Ph.D</creator><creator>Leung, Sherry, B.A</creator><creator>Rainer, Barbara M., M.D</creator><creator>Poon, Flora, M.D</creator><creator>Suh, Jean, M.D</creator><creator>Cheng, Nancy, M.D</creator><creator>Okoye, Ginette A., M.D</creator><creator>Kang, Sewon, M.D</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier 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Gathered Using a New Photonumeric Scale</title><author>Chien, Anna L., M.D ; Qi, Ji, B.A ; Grandhi, Radhika, B.A ; Kim, Noori, M.D ; César, Sabrina Sisto Alessi, M.D ; Harris-Tryon, Tamia, M.D., Ph.D ; Jang, Min Soo, M.D ; Olowoyeye, Omolara, M.D ; Kuhn, Diane, Ph.D ; Leung, Sherry, B.A ; Rainer, Barbara M., M.D ; Poon, Flora, M.D ; Suh, Jean, M.D ; Cheng, Nancy, M.D ; Okoye, Ginette A., M.D ; Kang, Sewon, M.D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-83dcc3910e3fe0ec6c2ac03147b17ed5c0d02c0fafb73053f0f72f4d4998fee13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>African Americans</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Birth control</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cigarettes</topic><topic>Dermatology</topic><topic>Ethnic skin</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Hormone replacement therapy</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</topic><topic>Photoaging scale</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sun-exposed skin</topic><topic>Sunscreen</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chien, Anna L., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Ji, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grandhi, Radhika, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Noori, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>César, Sabrina Sisto Alessi, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris-Tryon, Tamia, M.D., Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jang, Min Soo, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olowoyeye, Omolara, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuhn, Diane, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Sherry, B.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rainer, Barbara M., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poon, Flora, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suh, Jean, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Nancy, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Ginette A., M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Sewon, M.D</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium 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Ph.D</au><au>Leung, Sherry, B.A</au><au>Rainer, Barbara M., M.D</au><au>Poon, Flora, M.D</au><au>Suh, Jean, M.D</au><au>Cheng, Nancy, M.D</au><au>Okoye, Ginette A., M.D</au><au>Kang, Sewon, M.D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Age, Gender, and Sun Exposure on Ethnic Skin Photoaging: Evidence Gathered Using a New Photonumeric Scale</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the National Medical Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Natl Med Assoc</addtitle><date>2018-04-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>176</spage><epage>181</epage><pages>176-181</pages><issn>0027-9684</issn><eissn>1943-4693</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background African–Americans are less affected by photoaging than lighter skin individuals. Although scales for photoaging have been developed for Caucasians and Asians, no scale exists for African–Americans. Aim To develop a photonumeric scale for photoaging and to determine factors that contribute to photoaging in African–Americans. Methods Five participants' photographs were selected as standards to create a 9-point photonumeric scale (0 = none, 8 = most severe). Three blinded dermatologists used the scale to grade the remaining participants' photographs. Results Interrater reliabilities were 0.775 (95% CI: 0.635, 0.880) for trial 1 and 0.832 (0.747, 0.883) for trial 2. Intrarater reliabilities, assessed over a 1 week interval, were 0.863 (0.727, 0.940), 0.928 (0.890, 0.954), and 0.866 (0.739, 0.935) for the three graders, indicating strong agreement. Photoaging scores were then correlated with participants' survey on lifestyle factors, which yielded age as a significant predictor (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple regression model to predict facial photoaging (adjusted R2 = 0.849) selected age (b1 = 0.111, p < 0.001), sun exposure (b2 = 0.206, p = 0.014), and gender (b2 = −0.388, p = 0.063) as the most important variables. Conclusions A reliable photonumeric scale for photoaging in African Americans was developed. Age, sun exposure, and male gender were found to be contributory factors to photoaging.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>29580452</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jnma.2017.05.001</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | African Americans Age Aging Birth control Body mass index Cigarettes Dermatology Ethnic skin Gender Hormone replacement therapy Internal Medicine Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Photoaging scale Population Pregnancy Skin Smoking Statistical analysis Studies Sun-exposed skin Sunscreen |
| title | Effect of Age, Gender, and Sun Exposure on Ethnic Skin Photoaging: Evidence Gathered Using a New Photonumeric Scale |
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