Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 mediated the promotion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma progression through Smad‐p38‐JNK signaling pathway induced by TGF‐β

Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been proved to play an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, its precise role salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) has not been determined. The aim of this study was to explore the role of TRAF6 in SACC including invasion and metastasis of SACC cells. Materials and methods Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR were performed in SACC tissues paired with their adjacent normal tissues to analyze the expression of TRAF6. Downstream proteins expression was explored when TRAF6 was knockdown by siRNA. Results The results show that TRAF6 is upregulated in SACC samples, especially in SACC with metastasis, which is closely correlated with an aggressive phenotype (P = .0073) and shorter life survival span (P = .0061) in SACC patients. Knockdown of TRAF6 can attenuate the promotion effect of SACC cell invasion induced by TGF‐β. Western blot results also showed that silencing TRAF6 expression can inhibit the activation of SMAD2, SMAD3, ERK, p38, and JNK induced by TGF‐β in SACC cells. Conclusion These data suggested that TRAF6 regulates TGF‐β‐mediated SACC progression through SMAD2/3‐ERK‐p38‐JNK cascades.