The relationship between metal concentrations in seagrass (Zostera capricorni) tissue and ambient fine sediment in modified and near-pristine estuaries (Sydney estuaries, Australia)

Seagrass (Zostera capricorni) tissue metal concentrations in Sydney estuary are some of the highest reported for urban environments. A strong declining metal (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) concentration gradient in fine sediment from highly modified to the near-pristine estuarine environments was matched by a concurrent and statistically significant, moderately strong, relationship with declining metal concentrations for leaf, rhizomes and root tissue types. Leaf tissue more consistently expressed metal concentration uptake from sediment. Rhizome tissue contained the highest concentrations for all metals, except Mn, while leaf concentrations were higher for Cr and Zn and roots were more elevated in Cr and Pb. Tissue Cr, Pb and Zn were close to background for reference sites for leaves. Maximum tissue enrichment over background was 25, 19, 47 and 8 times for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Bio-sediment accumulation factors were generally