Response of periodontium to mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine: a pilot histological study on humans

Background The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the histological response of human periodontium to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine. Methods Six patients scheduled for implant full‐arch rehabilitation were randomly assigned to one of the two test groups: MTA or Biodentine treatment. For each patient, two teeth scheduled for strategic extraction were randomly assigned either to the test or to the control treatment. A lateral perforation was drilled on the root and either repaired with MTA/Biodentine or filled with gutta‐percha(control). Three months later, the teeth were extracted along with the coronal third of the alveolar bone and a portion of gingival tissue, while performing implant placement, and processed for histological analysis. Results Biodentine resulted in less extrusion into the periodontal environment. All the materials showed good biocompatibility. A new mineralized cementum‐like tissue incorporating periodontal fibres was visible in all cases treated with MTA. A small amount of new mineralized tissue was found in two Biodentine cases but not in control cases. Biodentine resulted in less damage to the periodontal ligament. Conclusions Bioactivity and biocompatibility of MTA were confirmed in human models. Biodentine proved to be biocompatible, but it seems not to induce cementum regeneration.