Treatment of full-thickness patellar tendon tears

Patellar tendon tears are exceptional but very disabling. The generally occur in subjects aged less than 40 years victims of direct trauma or blocked extension at more than 90 degree knee flexion. The tendon body or tendon insertions may be involved. Diagnosis is made at physical examination. The ma...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal de traumatologie du sport 2004-12, Vol.21 (4), p.204-217
Hauptverfasser: Boggione, C, Marmorat, J-L
Format: Artikel
Sprache:fre
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Zusammenfassung:Patellar tendon tears are exceptional but very disabling. The generally occur in subjects aged less than 40 years victims of direct trauma or blocked extension at more than 90 degree knee flexion. The tendon body or tendon insertions may be involved. Diagnosis is made at physical examination. The main signs are ascension of the patella, and defective active extension which can be masked if the patellar wings are intact. Late diagnosis is frequent (one-third of the cases). A plain x-ray of the knee can reveal patella alta (Insall > 1.2). MRI is useful in atypical presentations, particularly for patellar tendinopathy favoring tears, the ultimate phase of jumper's knee (Blazina stage IV). Surgical treatment is required. The objective is to achieve solid repair allowing early rehabilitation. Direct tendon suture or transosseous reinsertion may be used using an allograft, particularly with hamstrings in case of substance loss for protection. Results in recent series have been satisfactory in 80% of patients when early treatment is given and a solid repair enables early rehabilitation. The surgical procedure should be adapted to each case but care must be taken to use a protective frame in all cases to avoid frequent anomalous patella position and femoropatellar impingement (use of non-metallic sutures, suture at 70 degree flexion).Original Abstract: Les ruptures du tendon rotulien sont rares mais tres invalidantes. Elles surviennent generalement chez des sujets de moins de 40 ans au cours d'un traumatisme direct ou d'une extension contrariee du genou flechi a plus de 90 degree . Il peut s'agir d'une rupture du corps tendineux ou d'une desinsertion rotulienne. le diagnostic est essentiellement clinique. Les principaux signes sont l'ascension de la rotule et surtout le deficit d'extension active, parfois masquee par le respect des ailerons rotuliens. le retard diagnostique est frequent (1/3 des cas). Une radiographie du genou peut montrer un aspect de patella alta (index d'Insall > 1,2). L'IRM est utile dans les formes atypiques, d'autant que les tendinopathies rotuliennes favorisent la rupture qui constitue le stade ultime du jumper's knee (stade IV de Blazina). le traitement doit etre chirurgical. le but est d'obtenir une reparation solide permettant de debuter rapidement la reeducation. Cette reparation repose sur une suture tendineuse directe ou une reinsertion transosseuse, protegee par un cadrage tendineux par un gros fil non resorbable (ou une allogreffe,
ISSN:0762-915X
DOI:10.1016/S0762-915X(04)97406-2