Development of heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A Danish population‐based study

Background To investigate the incidence of heart failure (HF) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in different time spans following incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, furthermore, to investigate the impact of IHD on the development of HF and the impact of different treatment era of RA. Materials and methods This matched cohort study used nationwide, prospectively collected data. From the total Danish population of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants, we identified 51 859 patients (between 1995 and July 2016) with incident RA and a sex‐ and age‐matched cohort from the general population (256 653 persons). Results The hazard ratio (HR) for HF among RA patients compared with persons from comparison cohort was 2.28 within the first year of index date, 1.39 within the 1‐5 years of index date and 1.38 within the 5‐10 years of index date. No difference was identified regarding different treatment era of RA. For IHD, the subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) was 1.93 within the first year of index date, 1.26 within the 1‐5 years of index date and 1.31 within the 5‐10 years of index date. Coronary revascularization was also more common within the first year after diagnosis of RA. An increased risk of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting within 10 years following the RA diagnosis was observed. HR for new onset of HF in RA without IHD was 1.23, while the HR for new onset of HF in patients with RA and IHD was 2.06. Conclusions Rheumatoid arthritis patients had higher rates of HF and IHD throughout the entire observation period compared to the comparison cohort. RA was associated with a larger risk of developing HF.