Incidence, mortality and determinants of survival from cervical cancer in Northwest Russia: a registry-based cohort study

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women. The evidence from Russia, however, is scarce. We studied the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in northwest Russia, and assessed determinants of survival among cervical cancer patients. Methods This registry-based historical cohort study obtained data on all primary cases of cervical cancer in the Arkhangelsk region in 2000–2014 from the Arkhangelsk Regional Cancer Registry. One- and 5-y survival was calculated using life tables. Factors associated with survival were studied using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression. Results The incidence increased from 10.9 per 100 000 in 2000 to 20.9 per 100 000 in 2014, while mortality increased from 2.0 to 7.8 per 100 000 during the same period. One- and 5-y survival was 77.4% (95% CI 75.4 to 79.4) and 60.0% (95% CI 54.6 to 61.5), respectively. Significant inverse association was observed between survival and stage of cancer. Patients with adenocarcinoma (HR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.2), other histological types of cancer (HR=1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.4) and those with undefined histologic type (HR=3.8, 95% CI 2.5 to 5.8) had shorter survival than patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions Incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in northwest Russia is considerably higher than in developed countries. Increased incidence in recent years may be attributed to increased screening.