The Management and Ecology of the Wetland Grass, Maidencane

We provide a comprehensive ecological profile of the wetland grass maidencane, or paille fine (Panicum hemitomon J.A. Schultes), for improved wetland management. This species has direct application for wetland restoration due to its ability to improve water quality and ameliorate contaminated soils, in addition to providing valuable wildlife habitat. It is a warm season, perennial grass native to freshwater wetlands throughout the southeastern United States, commonly occurring on coastal plain soils. Its dominance of some wetland sites can be attributed to its tolerance of wide ranges in edaphic and environmentl gradients, including a tolerance for extended flooding or frequent fire. It reproduces clonally, with no evidence of seed viability. It is aggressive on some sites and forms dense, monotypic stands, but it is also associated with diverse emergent plant communities, which comprise other grasses, sedges, rushes, and bryophytes. Its habit of prolific root growth contributes to soil stabilization, peat formation, and nutrient immobilization. Maidencane also provides valuable refuge, nesting, and feeding habitat for myriad wildlife species. For wetland restoration projects requiring rapid colonization, perennial persistence, and tolerance of multiple environmental gradients, maidencane should be considered a candidate among high performance species.