Knockout of the CCCH zinc finger protein TcZC3H31 blocks Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation into the infective metacyclic form

T. cruzi knockout for the TcZC3H31 gene (TcZC3H31 KO) is incapable, both in vitro and in vivo, to differentiate into the metacyclic trypomastigote form. [Display omitted] •T. cruzi insect forms have higher levels of the CCCH zinc finger protein TcZC3H31.•TcZC3H31 overexpression significantly increases T. cruzi differentiation.•TcZC3H31 knockout blocks T. cruzi metacyclogenesis, in vitro and in vivo. In the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi – the causative agent of Chagas disease − gene expression control is mainly post-transcriptional, where RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a central role, by controlling mRNA stability, distribution and translation. A large variety of RBPs are encoded in the T. cruzi genome, including the CCCH-type zinc finger (CCCH ZnF) protein family, which is characterized by the presence of the C-X7/8-C-X5-C-X3-H (CCCH) motif. In the related parasite T. brucei, CCCH ZnF proteins have been shown to control key differentiation steps in the parasite’s life cycle. However, little is known about the CCCH ZnF proteins in T. cruzi. We have worked on the generation of T. cruzi mutants for CCCH ZnF proteins in an effort to shed light on the functions of these proteins in this parasite. Here, we characterize the expression and function of the CCCH ZnF protein TcZC3H31 of T. cruzi. TcZC3H31 is almost exclusively expressed in epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes, the parasite forms found in the invertebrate host. Importantly, we show that the epimastigote form of the T. cruzi knockout for the TcZC3H31 gene (TcZC3H31 KO) is incapable, both in vitro and in vivo (in infected triatomine insects), to differentiate into the metacyclic trypomastigote form, which is responsible for infection transmission from vectors to humans. The epimastigote forms recovered from the excreta of insects infected with TcZC3H31 KO parasites do not have the typical epimastigote morphology, suggesting that parasites are arrested in a mid-differentiation step. Also, epimastigotes overexpressing TcZC3H31 differentiate into metacyclics more efficiently than wild-type epimastigotes, in vitro. These data suggest that TcZC3H31 is an essential positive regulator of T. cruzi differentiation into the human-infective metacyclic form.