MicroRNA-24 aggravates atherosclerosis by inhibiting selective lipid uptake from HDL cholesterol via the post-transcriptional repression of scavenger receptor class B type I

Liver scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) exerts atheroprotective effects through selective lipid uptake (SLU) from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Low hepatic SR-BI expression leads to high HDL-C levels in the circulation and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, macrophage SR-BI mediates bidirectional cholesterol flux and may protect against atherogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that miR-24 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which miR-24 participates in SR-BI-mediated selective HDL cholesteryl ester (HDL-CE) uptake and further atherogenesis in apoE−/− mice. Bioinformatic predictions and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to detect the association between miR-24 and the SR-BI 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR), and RT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate SR-BI mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake were determined by flow cytometry assay. Double-radiolabeled HDL (125I-TC-/[3H] CEt-HDL) was utilized to measure the effects of miR-24 on HDL and CE binding and SLU in HepG2 and PMA-treated THP-1 cells. In addition, total cholesterol (TC) levels in HepG2 cells were analyzed using enzymatic methods, and macrophage lipid content was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and pcDNA3.1(−)-hSR-BI plasmid transfection procedures were utilized to confirm the role of SR-BI in the effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake, SLU and cholesterol levels in both cell types. Hepatic SR-BI level in apoE−/− mice was measured by western blotting. Liver TC, FC and CE levels and plasma triglycerides (TG), TC and HDL-C levels were evaluated enzymatically using commercial test kits. Atherosclerotic lesion sizes were measured using Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining. miR-24 directly repressed SR-BI expression by targeting its 3′UTR. In addition, miR-24 decreased Dil-HDL uptake and SLU in HepG2 and THP-1 macrophages. In the presence of HDL, miR-24 decreased TC levels in HepG2 cells and TC, free cholesterol (FC) and CE levels in macrophages. Overexpression and down-regulation assays showed that SR-BI mediated the effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake, SLU and cholesterol levels. Lastly, miR-24 administration decreased hepatic SR-BI expression and promoted atheromatous plaque formation in apoE−/− mice, findings in line with those of our in vitro studies. Th