Structure and surface morphology of Mn-implanted TiO sub(2)

A study of structure and surface morphology together with magnetic properties of Mn-implanted rutile-type TiO sub(2) single crystals is performed. Homogenous thin films of about 100 nm with different Mn sub(x)Ti sub(1) sub(-) sub(x)O sub(2) (x=0.03; 0.05 and 0.07) chemical formula were obtained. The Mn ion implanted surface exhibited a dense microstructure with a nano grain size. The dependence of c/a axial ratio on manganese content suggests that Mn super(3) super(+) species substituted tetragonal Ti super(4) super(+). The annealing at 873 K caused changes in surface structure, morphology and roughness. A migration of manganese ions into the rutile single crystal takes place and in certain conditions Ti sub(2)O phase occurs. Mn-implanted samples exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and a Curie temperature of 680 K. Electron spin resonance analysis evidenced that manganese is incorporated by substitution as magnetically isolated Mn super(4) super(+), Mn super(3) super(+) and Mn super(2) super(+) species. At 0.07% contents the Mn super(3) super(+) species may enter in interstitial sites contributing to extinction of substitutional magnetic moment.