Pharmacokinetics of the B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Inhibitor Venetoclax in Female Subjects with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background and Objective Venetoclax is an oral selective Bcl-2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion. Mechanistic and preclinical evidence warranted evaluation of venetoclax for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This work characterized the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax in female subjects with SLE. Methods Single (10–500 mg) and multiple (30–600 mg) escalating doses of venetoclax or matching placebo were evaluated using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled designs (6 active and 2 placebo per dose with 73 unique SLE patients enrolled, 25 of whom enrolled twice). The multiple-dose evaluation consisted of two cycles, each with once-daily dosing for 7 days followed by a 21-day washout. Non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses of venetoclax serial plasma concentrations were conducted. Results Venetoclax exhibited approximately dose-proportional exposures, with peak concentrations observed 4–8 h post-dose. Venetoclax steady-state exposures were achieved by day 4 of dosing, and the median area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) accumulation ratio ranged from 1.1 to 1.5. A two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination described venetoclax pharmacokinetics. The estimates (95% bootstrap confidence interval) for venetoclax apparent clearance, central and peripheral volumes of distribution, intercompartmental clearance, absorption rate constant, and lag time were 16.3 L/h (14.6–17.9), 37 L (26–57), 122 L (98–183), 3.7 L/h (2.6–5.0), 0.13 h -1 (0.11–0.17), and 1.6 h (1.6–1.7), respectively. The population estimate for venetoclax terminal-phase elimination half-life was approximately 28 h. Conclusions In female subjects with SLE, venetoclax displayed pharmacokinetic characteristics consistent with previous observations in subjects with hematologic malignancies. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01686555.