Improving Flue Gas Mercury Removal in Waste Incinerators by Optimization of Carbon Injection Rate

This study tested the mercury emission characteristics of six municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and recommended future mercury control via adjusting operational parameters. The results indicated that over 99% of the mercury in solid wastes ended in fly ash and flue gas, of which 3.3–66.3% was emitted to air through stack gas. Mercury in the stack gas was mainly in the form of oxidized mercury (Hg2+), the proportion (65.4–89.0%) of which was far higher than previous estimation (15%). Mercury removal efficiencies (MRE) of the tested incinerators were in the range of 33.6–95.2%. The impact of waste incineration capacity, gas flow, fly ash yield, and activated carbon (AC) injection on MRE were analyzed. We found that the MRE was significantly linearly correlated to the ratio of AC injection and fly ash yield (correlation coefficient = 0.98, significance