The microRNA landscape of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

•Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second-most-common human cancer.•cSCC has been reported to be within the top most costly cancers in the USA.•microRNAs are becoming important biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cSCC.•This review describes the current knowledge on miRNA expression in cSCC and its role as a biomarker in personalized medicine. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocyte-derived skin tumor. It is the second-most-common cancer affecting the Caucasian population and is responsible for >20% of all skin-cancer-related deaths. The estimated incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the USA is >1000000 cases per year, of which roughly 20–30% are squamous cell carcinoma. To better understand and treat this challenging cancer, current research focuses on development of novel strategies to improve the understanding of tumor biogenesis on an individual basis. microRNAs are becoming important biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cSCC. This review describes the current knowledge on miRNA expression in cSCC and its role as a biomarker for personalized medicine.