Determinants and status of quality of life after long-term botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia

The aim of this study was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), using the Short Form Health Survey‐36 (SF‐36), in 70 cervical dystonia (CD) patients after long‐term botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment (median 5.5 years), and to identify factors determining reduced HRQoL. We used combined patient‐and physician‐based measures to assess both CD severity [Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, (TWSTRS)] and effect of long‐term BTX treatment, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and General Health Questionnaire‐30 to assess psychological distress. Mean SF‐36 domain scores of the CD patients were reduced by