Meta‐analysis of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relief of spinal pain

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis analysing the existing data on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or interferential current (IFC) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) and/or neck pain (CNP) taking into account intensity and timing of stimulation, examining pain, function and disability. Seven electronic databases were searched for TENS or IFC treatment in non‐specific CLBP or CNP. Four reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TENS or IFC intervention in adult individuals with non‐specific CLBP or CNP. Primary outcomes were for self‐reported pain intensity and back‐specific disability. Two reviewers performed quality assessment, and two reviewers extracted data using a standardized form. Nine RCTs were selected (eight CLBP; one CNP), and seven studies with complete data sets were included for meta‐analysis (655 participants). For CLBP, meta‐analysis shows TENS/IFC intervention, independent of time of assessment, was significantly different from placebo/control (p