Relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents: Niigata screening for and preventing the development of non‐communicable disease study‐Agano (NICE EVIDENCE Study‐Agano) 2

Objective To examine the independent and combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with cardiometabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents. Methods A cross‐sectional study including 993 Japanese adolescents (aged 13‐14 years) was undertaken. Height, body mass, blood pressure, lipid profile (non‐fasting), and HbA1c were measured. The physical fitness (PF) test included measurements of CRF (20 m multistage shuttle run test), upper limb strength (hand grip strength), lower limb strength (standing long jump), and muscular endurance (sit‐ups). The clustered cardiometabolic risk (CCMR) was estimated by summing standardized Z‐scores of body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), and HbA1c. Results Linear regression analysis showed that all PF factors except for muscular endurance were inversely correlated with CCMR (P