An oligonucleotide primer set for PCR amplification of the complete honey bee mitochondrial genome

Mitochondrial DNA markers have been widely used to address population and evolutionary questions in the honey bee Apis mellifera . Most of the polymorphic markers are restricted to few mitochondrial regions. Here we describe a set of 24 oligonucleotides that allow PCR amplification of the entire mitochondrial genome of the honey bee A. mellifera in 12 amplicons. These fragments have important applications for the study of mitochondrial genes in different subspecies of A. mellifera and as heterospecific probes to characterize mitochondrial genomes in other bee species.