Coastal eutrophication: recent developments in definitions and implications for monitoring strategies

The word ‘eutrophication’ has its root in two Greek words: ‘eu’ which means ‘well’ and ‘trope’ which means ‘nourishment’. The modern use of the word eutrophication is related to inputs and effects of nutrients in aquatic systems. Despite a common understanding of its causes and effects, there is no agreed definition of coastal eutrophication. This communication aims to review recent developments in the definitions of coastal eutrophication, all of which focus on ‘accelerated growth’, and to discuss the implications in relation to monitoring and assessment of ecological status. It is recommended that measurements of primary production, being a sensitive and accurate indicator of eutrophication, should be mandatory when monitoring and assessing the ecological status of coastal waters.