Trends and predictors of non-cardiovascular death in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure

Little information is available on non-cardiovascular (CV) death in acute heart failure (AHF) patients. The present study determined the incidence, time course, and factors associated with long-term non-CV death in AHF patients in a real-world setting. The ATTEND registry, a nationwide, prospective observational multicenter cohort study, included 4842 consecutive patients hospitalized for AHF. The primary endpoint of the present study was non-CV death. Median follow-up duration from admission was 513 (range, 385–778) days. Over the study period, 1183 patients died; 356 deaths (30.1%) were non-CV related. The proportion of non-CV deaths increased in the later follow-up phase (0–180days, 26.7%; 181–360days, 38.4%; >360days, 36.6%, p