Cecal bascule: a systematic review of the literature

Background Cecal volvulus is a rare clinical entity with an average incidence of 2.8–7.1 per million people per year, accounting for 1–2% of all large bowel obstructions. Cecal bascule is the rarest type of cecal volvulus, accounting for 5–20% of all cases. Although several case reports have been published, there is no consensus regarding its diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to review the literature on cecal bascule in order to summarize the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched by two independent authors. Cecal bascule was defined as anterior displacement of the distended cecum on the ascending colon without any torsion. The etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options were analyzed. Results Nineteen previously published papers reporting on 26 patients were included. The mean age of patients from previously reported cases was 55.1 ± 19.2 years, and 54% of all patients were males. Presenting symptoms included abdominal pain in 16 (61%), distension in 22 (84%), and vomiting in eight patients (30%). The mean time to diagnosis was 3.6 ± 2.6 days. The extent of surgery varied from cecopexy to right colectomy. There was no postoperative mortality. Cecal bascule recurred one 1 year after index surgery in one patient. Conclusions Cecal bascule is a rare clinical entity, which is mostly encountered in patients with peritoneal adhesions, mobile cecum, bowel dysfunction, and cecal displacement. In patients with recurrent or persistent abdominal pain and distension, cecal bascule should be considered. The majority of these patients require surgical management.