Identity Concealment in Transgender Adults: A Qualitative Assessment of Minority Stress and Gender Affirmation
Minority individuals might conceal their identity in social contexts in an effort to avoid stigma and victimization. Unfortunately, identity concealment is thought to impact psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. Thus, through 30 in-depth interviews, we so...
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Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of orthopsychiatry 2017, Vol.87 (6), p.704-713 |
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container_title | American journal of orthopsychiatry |
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creator | Rood, Brian A. Maroney, Meredith R. Puckett, Jae A. Berman, Ariel K. Reisner, Sari L. Pantalone, David W. |
description | Minority individuals might conceal their identity in social contexts in an effort to avoid stigma and victimization. Unfortunately, identity concealment is thought to impact psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. Thus, through 30 in-depth interviews, we sought to understand if and how identity concealment was experienced by TGNC individuals. Findings indicated that (a) TGNC identity concealment is a source of stress, (b) individuals might conceal their TGNC identity based on social context, (c) concealment of assigned sex and gender history can function to affirm one's true gender identity, and (d) concealment of gender history is a rejection of one's assigned sex. In addition, (a) passing/blending is an important interpersonal and intrapersonal process, (b) the importance of passing/blending can change over time, and (c) not passing/blending may result in worrying about personal safety. The authors discuss how concealment can both inhibit and promote psychological health for TGNC individuals, and they offer clinical applications for health providers.
Public Policy Relevance Statement
Concealing one's transgender identity appears to be associated with psychological distress; however, concealing one's assigned physical body and gender history might function to affirm one's true gender. Thus, policymakers in different social contexts-schools, employment, health care-should work to promote transgender inclusivity and create supportive settings where transgender individuals can affirm their true gender without fear of retribution. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/ort0000303 |
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Public Policy Relevance Statement
Concealing one's transgender identity appears to be associated with psychological distress; however, concealing one's assigned physical body and gender history might function to affirm one's true gender. Thus, policymakers in different social contexts-schools, employment, health care-should work to promote transgender inclusivity and create supportive settings where transgender individuals can affirm their true gender without fear of retribution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9432</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0025</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/ort0000303</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29154610</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Educational Publishing Foundation</publisher><subject>Adult ; Emotional disorders ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Gender nonconforming ; Human ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Mental Health ; Minority Groups - psychology ; Minority Stress ; Psychological distress ; Self-Disclosure ; Social environment ; Social identity ; Stigma ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Transgender persons ; Transgender Persons - psychology ; Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data ; Transsexuality ; Victimization</subject><ispartof>American journal of orthopsychiatry, 2017, Vol.87 (6), p.704-713</ispartof><rights>2017 Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice</rights><rights>(c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2017, Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a379t-6a1fdc4f02d3296cb420705e7b0280b4932970d327fc9fcab8ffe79c7c93ba263</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-2020-8696</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,27900,27901,27902,33751</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154610$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>McLeigh, Jill D</contributor><contributor>Spaulding, William</contributor><creatorcontrib>Rood, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maroney, Meredith R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puckett, Jae A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berman, Ariel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reisner, Sari L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pantalone, David W.</creatorcontrib><title>Identity Concealment in Transgender Adults: A Qualitative Assessment of Minority Stress and Gender Affirmation</title><title>American journal of orthopsychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Orthopsychiatry</addtitle><description>Minority individuals might conceal their identity in social contexts in an effort to avoid stigma and victimization. Unfortunately, identity concealment is thought to impact psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. Thus, through 30 in-depth interviews, we sought to understand if and how identity concealment was experienced by TGNC individuals. Findings indicated that (a) TGNC identity concealment is a source of stress, (b) individuals might conceal their TGNC identity based on social context, (c) concealment of assigned sex and gender history can function to affirm one's true gender identity, and (d) concealment of gender history is a rejection of one's assigned sex. In addition, (a) passing/blending is an important interpersonal and intrapersonal process, (b) the importance of passing/blending can change over time, and (c) not passing/blending may result in worrying about personal safety. The authors discuss how concealment can both inhibit and promote psychological health for TGNC individuals, and they offer clinical applications for health providers.
Public Policy Relevance Statement
Concealing one's transgender identity appears to be associated with psychological distress; however, concealing one's assigned physical body and gender history might function to affirm one's true gender. Thus, policymakers in different social contexts-schools, employment, health care-should work to promote transgender inclusivity and create supportive settings where transgender individuals can affirm their true gender without fear of retribution.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Emotional disorders</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender Identity</subject><subject>Gender nonconforming</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interviews as Topic</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Minority Groups - psychology</subject><subject>Minority Stress</subject><subject>Psychological distress</subject><subject>Self-Disclosure</subject><subject>Social environment</subject><subject>Social identity</subject><subject>Stigma</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Transgender persons</subject><subject>Transgender Persons - psychology</subject><subject>Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Transsexuality</subject><subject>Victimization</subject><issn>0002-9432</issn><issn>1939-0025</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1LHDEYB_Agiq6rFz9ACXgpyrR5mUkm3pZFrWARUc8hk0lKZCbZJhlhv32z3dVCD-YS8uSXP-F5ADjD6BtGlH8PMaOyKKJ7YIYFFRVCpNkHs1IklagpOQLHKb1uTEvoITgiAjc1w2gG_F1vfHZ5DZfBa6OGsRyh8_A5Kp9-Gd-bCBf9NOR0BRfwcVKDyyq7NwMXKZmU_vpg4U_nQ9zkPOVYylD5Ht7unlvr4lgeBX8CDqwakjnd7XPwcnP9vPxR3T_c3i0X95WiXOSKKWx7XVtEekoE011NEEeN4R0iLepqUaoclTtutbBada21hgvNtaCdIozOwddt7iqG35NJWY4uaTMMypswJYkFY3VDWkwLPf-PvoYp-vK7olqCecML-1QxhhkpjS_qYqt0DClFY-UqulHFtcRIbmYl_82q4C-7yKkbTf9B34dTwOUWqJWSq7TWKmanB5P0FGNp-yZMtlwyyVFN_wA2gp4P</recordid><startdate>2017</startdate><enddate>2017</enddate><creator>Rood, Brian A.</creator><creator>Maroney, Meredith R.</creator><creator>Puckett, Jae A.</creator><creator>Berman, Ariel K.</creator><creator>Reisner, Sari L.</creator><creator>Pantalone, David W.</creator><general>Educational Publishing Foundation</general><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-8696</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2017</creationdate><title>Identity Concealment in Transgender Adults: A Qualitative Assessment of Minority Stress and Gender Affirmation</title><author>Rood, Brian A. ; Maroney, Meredith R. ; Puckett, Jae A. ; Berman, Ariel K. ; Reisner, Sari L. ; Pantalone, David W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a379t-6a1fdc4f02d3296cb420705e7b0280b4932970d327fc9fcab8ffe79c7c93ba263</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Emotional disorders</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender Identity</topic><topic>Gender nonconforming</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interviews as Topic</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Minority Groups - psychology</topic><topic>Minority Stress</topic><topic>Psychological distress</topic><topic>Self-Disclosure</topic><topic>Social environment</topic><topic>Social identity</topic><topic>Stigma</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - psychology</topic><topic>Transgender persons</topic><topic>Transgender Persons - psychology</topic><topic>Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Transsexuality</topic><topic>Victimization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rood, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maroney, Meredith R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puckett, Jae A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berman, Ariel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reisner, Sari L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pantalone, David W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of orthopsychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rood, Brian A.</au><au>Maroney, Meredith R.</au><au>Puckett, Jae A.</au><au>Berman, Ariel K.</au><au>Reisner, Sari L.</au><au>Pantalone, David W.</au><au>McLeigh, Jill D</au><au>Spaulding, William</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identity Concealment in Transgender Adults: A Qualitative Assessment of Minority Stress and Gender Affirmation</atitle><jtitle>American journal of orthopsychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Orthopsychiatry</addtitle><date>2017</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>704</spage><epage>713</epage><pages>704-713</pages><issn>0002-9432</issn><eissn>1939-0025</eissn><abstract>Minority individuals might conceal their identity in social contexts in an effort to avoid stigma and victimization. Unfortunately, identity concealment is thought to impact psychological distress in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals. Thus, through 30 in-depth interviews, we sought to understand if and how identity concealment was experienced by TGNC individuals. Findings indicated that (a) TGNC identity concealment is a source of stress, (b) individuals might conceal their TGNC identity based on social context, (c) concealment of assigned sex and gender history can function to affirm one's true gender identity, and (d) concealment of gender history is a rejection of one's assigned sex. In addition, (a) passing/blending is an important interpersonal and intrapersonal process, (b) the importance of passing/blending can change over time, and (c) not passing/blending may result in worrying about personal safety. The authors discuss how concealment can both inhibit and promote psychological health for TGNC individuals, and they offer clinical applications for health providers.
Public Policy Relevance Statement
Concealing one's transgender identity appears to be associated with psychological distress; however, concealing one's assigned physical body and gender history might function to affirm one's true gender. Thus, policymakers in different social contexts-schools, employment, health care-should work to promote transgender inclusivity and create supportive settings where transgender individuals can affirm their true gender without fear of retribution.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Educational Publishing Foundation</pub><pmid>29154610</pmid><doi>10.1037/ort0000303</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-8696</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Emotional disorders Female Gender Identity Gender nonconforming Human Humans Interviews as Topic Male Mental Health Minority Groups - psychology Minority Stress Psychological distress Self-Disclosure Social environment Social identity Stigma Stress Stress, Psychological - psychology Transgender persons Transgender Persons - psychology Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data Transsexuality Victimization |
title | Identity Concealment in Transgender Adults: A Qualitative Assessment of Minority Stress and Gender Affirmation |
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