Chemically catalyzed uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Vetiveria zizanioides

The efficiency of vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides) in removing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous media was explored in the presence of a common agrochemical, urea, used as a chaotropic agent. Chaotropic agents disrupt water structure, increasing solubilization of hydrophobic compounds (...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental pollution (1987) 2007-07, Vol.148 (1), p.101-106
Hauptverfasser:	Makris, Konstantinos C., Shakya, Kabindra M., Datta, Rupali, Sarkar, Dibyendu, Pachanoor, Devanand
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	1,3,5-trinitrobenzene 2-amino 4,6-dinitrotoluene 4-amino 2,6-dinitrotoluene Absorption Agrochemicals - analysis Agrochemicals - pharmacokinetics Applied sciences aqueous solutions bioaccumulation biodegradation Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Catalysis catalysts Chrysopogon - metabolism Chrysopogon zizanioides Decontamination. Miscellaneous Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environment and pollution Exact sciences and technology explosives Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology grasses greenhouse experimentation hydrophobicity Hydroponics Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects kinetics Metabolites Miscellaneous Phytodegradation phytoremediation Plant Roots - metabolism pollutants Pollution Pollution, environment geology roots shoots Soil and sediments pollution Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - pharmacokinetics soil pollution Time Factors Trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene - analysis Trinitrotoluene - pharmacokinetics Uptake uptake mechanisms urea Urea - metabolism urea fertilizers Vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides water solubility
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Zusammenfassung:	The efficiency of vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides) in removing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous media was explored in the presence of a common agrochemical, urea, used as a chaotropic agent. Chaotropic agents disrupt water structure, increasing solubilization of hydrophobic compounds (TNT), thus, enhancing plant TNT uptake. The primary objectives of this study were to: (i) characterize TNT absorption by vetiver in hydroponic media, and (ii) determine the effect of urea on chemically catalyzing TNT uptake by vetiver grass in hydroponic media. Results showed that vetiver exhibited a high TNT uptake capacity (1.026 mg g −1), but kinetics were slow. Uptake was considerably enhanced in the presence of urea, which significantly ( p
ISSN:	0269-7491 1873-6424
DOI:	10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.047