Food–drug interaction of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and the metabolite SN-38

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its metabolite SN-38. EGCG was potentially used to modulate the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Experimental Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with EGCG (20 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before CPT-11 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) administration, whereas the control group received CPT-11 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) only. The biological samples were prepared by the protein precipitation and detected by HPLC-fluorescence detection which provided a good separation of CPT-11 and SN-38 within 10 min. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that the area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC) of CPT-11 and SN-38 were increased by 57.7 and 18.3%, and AUC in bile were decreased by 15.8 and 46.8%, respectively, for the group pretreated with EGCG. The blood to bile distribution ratio (AUC bile/AUC blood) was significantly reduced after group coadministration of EGCG, it can be seen that the bile efflux transport system of CPT-11 and SN-38 may be markedly reduced by the treatment of EGCG which plays the role of P-gp inhibitor. In conclusion, EGCG was found to inhibit the transport of CPT-11 and SN-38 into the biliary elimination and their half-lives in plasma could be substantially prolonged. Based on the food–drug interaction, persons taking daily nutritional supplements should be warned of this interaction possibility.