New eremophilane and dichlororesorcinol derivatives produced by endophytes isolated from Ficus ampelas

The novel compound, 11- O -methylpetasitol ( 1 ), was isolated from Penicillium sp. N-175-1, and two new compounds, cosmochlorins D ( 5 ) and E ( 6 ), were isolated from Phomopsis sp. N-125. In addition, three known eremophilane sesquiterpenes, sporogen-AO1 ( 2 ), petasol ( 3 ) and 6-dehydropetasol ( 4 ), were isolated from Penicillium sp. N-175-1. The structures of 1 , 5 and 6 were elucidated by a combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRESITOFMS) and chemical reactions. Compounds 2 , 3 , 5 and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity to HL60 and 2 and 3 to HeLa cells. Furthermore, 2 and 3 showed robust growth-restoring activity of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( cdc2-1 rad9 Δ) mutant strain, whereas 5 and 6 exhibited minor growth-restoring activity in this strain. Thus, these compounds may inhibit the growth of HL60 and HeLa cells by blocking the cell cycle, and they may be utilized as new lead compounds that act as inhibitors of survival signal transduction pathways.