Controlled-delivery chlorhexidine chip versus amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Subgingival application of chlorhexidine via a controlled‐delivery device (CHX chip) improves the clinical outcome of scaling/root planing (SRP) in therapy for chronic periodontitis. Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is commonly treated with SRP and adjunctive antimicrobial medication. To date, the efficacy of CHX chips in GAP therapy has not been evaluated. Aim: To compare SRP plus adjunctive CHX chip placement with SRP plus adjunctive systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole with regard to clinical efficacy in first‐line therapy for GAP. Material and Methods: Thirty‐six GAP patients were treated with SRP and randomly with either placement of CHX chips or systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and suppuration (Pus) were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months after therapy. Results: CAL, PD, BoP and Pus were significantly reduced in both groups after 3 months. In the CHX chip group, PD significantly increased again between 3 and 6 months. Finally, amoxicillin/metronidazole patients presented significantly more CAL “gain”, PD reduction and less remaining deep sites after 6 months. Pus remained detectable in CHX chip patients only. Conclusions: In first‐line non‐surgical therapy for GAP, SRP plus adjunctive systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole was more efficacious in clinically relevant measures of outcome than SRP plus adjunctive placement of CHX chips.