Development and Evaluation of a Water-Based Flame Retardant Spray Coating for Cotton Fabrics

In this Research Article, we report on the development of water-based flame retardant coating based on phospho-nitrogen combination for cotton fabrics. A one-step spray-on process was employed to coat the fabrics by taking advantage of the spontaneous reaction between para-phenylenediamine (PDA) and tetrakis­(hydroxymethyl)­phosphonium chloride (THPC) resulting in an instantaneous precipitation of poly­[1,4-diaminophenylene-tris­(dimethyl hydroxymethyl)­phosphine] (PApP) on the fabric surface. The effectiveness of PApP in improving the flame retardant properties like ignition resistance and lateral flame spread were evaluated in accordance with ASTM D6413 and BS EN ISO 15025 flammability tests. Despite the early (thermal) decomposition onset for coated fabrics under both oxidative and pyrolytic conditions, remarkably, self-extinguishing behavior (