New Biguanides as Anti‐Diabetic Agents, Part II: Synthesis and Anti‐Diabetic Properties Evaluation of 1‐Arylamidebiguanide Derivatives as Agents of Insulin Resistant Type II Diabetes

New 1‐arylamidebiguanide hydrochloride salts were synthesized via reaction of hydrazide derivatives with dicyandiamide in acidic medium. The structure of the obtained derivatives was characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analysis tools. The anti‐diabetic properties of the synthesized compounds were determined. Oral treatment of hyperglycemic rats with the synthesized biguanide derivatives showed a significant decrease of the elevated glucose in comparison with the anti‐diabetic standard drug, metformin. The effects of the synthesized biguanide derivatives on the diabetic properties regarding liver function enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP), lipid profiles (TC, TG, and TL), lipid peroxide, and nitrous oxide as well as histopathological characteristics were investigated and discussed. New 1‐substituted biguanides were synthesized and screened for their anti‐diabetic activity in comparison to the standard drug metformin. Additionally, liver function enzyme activities, lipid profiles, antioxidant activities, and histopathological characteristics were investigated and discussed.