Integration of photosynthetic biosensor with molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase extraction cartridge

A simple method for the detection of individual groups of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides was proposed as a practical approach for environmental monitoring. The detection method is based on fluorescent measurement of the inhibition of spinach thylakoidal activity by herbicides. The sensor selectivity was improved by combining biosensor with a sample preconcentration based on a SPE cartridge packed with a polymer, imprinted with cyanazine. The combination of biosensor with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) allows selective measurement of triazines herbicides (cyanazine, atrazine) and their discrimination from phenylurea (diuron) or triazinone (metribuzin) herbicides. This combination also helps improving the sensitivity of the measurement allowing the detection of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides in water at the level required by European Union regulations.