Introduction of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property based on COX-1/COX-2 activity and gene expression

The NSAIDs which inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are among medications widely used to treat pain and inflammation. These drugs cause digestive complications resulting in inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme, while the inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme has therapeutic effects. Therefore research focuses on the production of medications that specifically inhibit the COX-2 enzyme. This study aimed to study the effects of β-d-mannuronic (M2000) acid on the gene expression and activity of COX-1/COX-2 enzymes in order to introduce a novel NSAID for treating inflammatory diseases. The mRNA expression levels of COXs were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in culture media was determined using ELISA method. Our results indicated that the M2000 at low and high dose could significantly reduce the gene expression level of COX-2 compared to the LPS group (p