Comparison of solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction for carbofuran in water analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode-array detection

In this study a direct solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure has been developed for the determination of carbofuran in water. Experimental parameters such as selection of SPME coating, effect of temperature, effect of salt addition and solvent desorption were studied and optimized. Analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, detection and quantitation limits, and matrix effects for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and SPME methods were evaluated for comparison purposes with the aim of selecting the most appropriate depending on the detection capabilities required. SPE and SPME were followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection, using a 50×4.6 mm I.D. guard column and a 150×4.6 mm I.D. analytical column, both packed with C 18 silica. Both methods can be applied to real samples and give the same results, but SPE allows the detection of lower carbofuran concentrations (0.06 μg/L) as compared to SPME (8.9 μg/L).