Manganese suppresses ATP-dependent intercellular calcium waves in astrocyte networks through alteration of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics

The neurotoxicity of manganese [Mn] is due in part to glutamate excitotoxicity. Release of ATP by astrocytes is a critical modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission, which is regulated by calcium (Ca 2+) waves that propagate through astrocytic networks in response to synaptic activity. It was pos...

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Veröffentlicht in:Brain research 2006-10, Vol.1113 (1), p.210-219
Hauptverfasser: Tjalkens, Ronald B., Zoran, Mark J., Mohl, Brianne, Barhoumi, Roula
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The neurotoxicity of manganese [Mn] is due in part to glutamate excitotoxicity. Release of ATP by astrocytes is a critical modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission, which is regulated by calcium (Ca 2+) waves that propagate through astrocytic networks in response to synaptic activity. It was postulated that Mn alters ATP-dependent intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics in astrocytes, thereby suppressing Ca 2+ wave activity. Confluent primary cultures of cortical astrocytes were loaded with the Ca 2+-sensitive dye fluo-4 and examined by fluorescence microscopy for Ca 2+ wave activity following micropipet mechanical stimulation of a single cell. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy following addition of ATP using the mitochondrial-specific Ca 2+ dye rhod-2-AM. Imaging studies revealed that pretreatment of astrocytes with 1–10 μM Mn significantly reduced the rate, area, and amplitude of mechanically induced Ca 2+ waves. This attenuation was not a result of inhibited mitochondrial calcium uptake because robust calcium waves were still observed following pretreatment of astrocytes with Ru360, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake, either in coupling or uncoupling conditions. However, determination of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ levels in cells using the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin indicated that Mn reduced the available pool of releasable ER Ca 2+ at concentrations as low as 1 μM. Examination of ATP-stimulated changes in mitochondrial Ca 2+ indicated that, in cells pretreated with Mn, mitochondria retained high levels of Ca 2+. It is concluded that exposure of astrocytes to low concentrations of Mn 2+ results in sequestration of Ca 2+ within the mitochondria that reduces the available pool of releasable Ca 2+ within the ER, thereby inhibiting calcium wave activity.
ISSN:0006-8993
1872-6240
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.053