Enzymatic mechanisms of biological magnetic sensitivity

Primary biological magnetoreceptors in living organisms is one of the main research problems in magnetobiology. Intracellular enzymatic reactions accompanied by electron transfer have been shown to be receptors of magnetic fields, and spin‐dependent ion‐radical processes can be a universal mechanism of biological magnetosensitivity. Magnetic interactions in intermediate ion‐radical pairs, such as Zeeman and hyperfine (HFI) interactions, in accordance with proposed strict quantum mechanical theory, can determine magnetic‐field dependencies of reactions that produce biologically important molecules needed for cell growth. Hyperfine interactions of electrons with nuclear magnetic moments of magnetic isotopes can explain the most important part of biomagnetic sensitivities in a weak magnetic field comparable to the Earth's magnetic field. The theoretical results mean that magnetic‐field dependencies of enzymatic reaction rates in a weak magnetic field that can be independent of HFI constant a, if H