High mortality rate associated with KPC-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a Brazilian hospital

•Patients diagnosed with KPC-producing Enterobacter cloacae showed a high mortality rate (41.8%).•Infection was associated with a previous use of antibiotics and urinary catheter.•Patients with a urinary catheter have 51-fold risk of developing infection.•The genotyping analysis showed a clonal dissemination in the intensive care unit.•Infection control measures and use of stricter antibiotic policies are required. We describe a clonal dissemination of KPC-producing Enterobacter cloacae in a Brazilian hospital. Patients diagnosed with theses isolates showed high mortality rate (41.8%) and were associated with previous use of antibiotics and urinary catheterization. Therefore, infection control measures and use of stricter antibiotic policies are required to control the spread of these organisms.