Prediction of autonomic neuropathy in chronic kidney disease (stage 5) Iraqi patients (case control study)

The presence of autonomic neuropathy in association with end stage chronic kidney disease have not yet been established. An extending studies need to evaluate the presence of autonomic neuropathy in different stages of chronic kidney disease. To estimate the prevalence rate of autonomic neuropathy in stage 5 chronic kidney disease. 35 patients with end stage CKD were selected (patient group), compared with 100 person had CKD of different stages other than stage 5 CKD (control group). A sequence of questionnaires (6 questions) were applied to both groups, followed by testing for postural hypotension using as a complementary test for ANP with the cold immersion test. Any subject failed to show an increment in BP was labeled as having test positive and hence having ANP. The distribution of ANP according to the questionnaire was higher in the patient’s group than the controls (p