Behavioural reactions of free-ranging porpoises and seals to the noise of a simulated 2 MW windpower generator

Operational underwater noise emitted at 8 m s–1by a 550 kW WindWorld wind-turbine was recorded from the sea and modified to simulate a 2 MW wind-turbine. The sound was replayed from an audio CD through a car CD-player and a J-13 transducer. The maximum sound energy was emitted between 30 and 800 Hz...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek) 2003-12, Vol.265, p.263-273
Hauptverfasser:	Koschinski, Sven, Culik, Boris M., Henriksen, Oluf Damsgaard, Tregenza, Nick, Ellis, Graeme, Jansen, Christoph, Kathe, Günter
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Acoustic echoes Acoustic noise Acoustics Animal ethology Auditory perception Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Mammalia Marine Marine mammals Phoca vitulina Phocoena phocoena Porpoises Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Seals Sound Straits Transducers Vertebrata Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Operational underwater noise emitted at 8 m s–1by a 550 kW WindWorld wind-turbine was recorded from the sea and modified to simulate a 2 MW wind-turbine. The sound was replayed from an audio CD through a car CD-player and a J-13 transducer. The maximum sound energy was emitted between 30 and 800 Hz with peak source levels of 128 dB (re 1 μPa² Hz–1at 1 m) at 80 and 160 Hz (1/3-octave centre frequencies). This simulated 2 MW wind-turbine noise was played back on calm days (
ISSN:	0171-8630 1616-1599
DOI:	10.3354/meps265263