Laparoscopic implantation of electrodes for bilateral neuromodulation of the pudendal nerves and S3 nerve roots for treating pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction

Introduction and Hypothesis The objective of this video is to describe the technique for laparoscopic implantation of electrodes for bilateral neuromodulation of S3 and pudendal nerves. We report a successful case of a 48-year-old woman with spina bifida occulta referred with a 14-year history of intense acyclic pelvic pain, urinary hesitancy, and intermittent flow refractory to various conservative measures. Methods The procedure began with the removal of two previously placed InterStims. A quadripolar electrode was then laparoscopically inserted into Alcock’s canal and attached to the pelvic pectineal line. Another lead was placed juxtaneurally to S3. Lead contacts were then exteriorized, and the peritoneum closed. The same procedure was then performed on the contralateral side. The leads were connected to a 16-pole rechargeable pulse generator. Postoperatively, the patient developed an acute dissection and partial thrombosis of the external iliac artery, which was treated endovascularly. Results Complete pain resolution was observed with simultaneous S3 and pudendal stimulation, with pudendal stimulation turned off for voiding. Conclusions We conclude that laparoscopic implantation of neuromodulation electrodes allows simultaneous stimulation of S3 and pudendal nerves, providing more programming options and possibly increasing success rates in complex pelvic floor dysfunction cases.