Synthesis of 3D graphite oxide-exfoliated carbon nanotube carbon composite and its application as catalyst support for fuel cells

The restacking of graphene or reduced graphite oxide (r-GO) is commonly regarded as a severe obstacle for potential applications. We propose the application of exfoliated carbon nanotube (e-CNT) as an effective carbon spacer for fabricating a sandwich-like three-dimensional (3D) carbon composite with GO. The 3D carbon combination of GO + e-CNT is successfully prepared via homogenously mixing of GO and e-CNT in an aqueous dispersion in which carbon spacers are homogenously intercalated with graphene layers. With the addition of a carbon spacer, the BET surface area of 3D carbon (51.6 m super(2) g super(-1)) is enhanced by a factor of three compared with r-GO (17.2 m super(2) g super(-1)) after thermal reduction. In addition, the 3D GO + e-CNT supported PtPd catalyst (PtPd-GO + e-CNT) shows homogenous distribution of PtPd nanoparticles of 3.9 + or - 0.6 nm in size, with an enlarged electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) value of 164 m super(2) g super(-1) and a mass activity of 690 mA mg super(-1) toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), which is the typical anode reaction for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).