Germinal-center development of memory B cells driven by IL-9 from follicular helper T cells
Germinal centers generate high-affinity memory B cells. Qi and colleagues identify a precursor of memory B cells in germinal centers and demonstrate that the cytokine IL-9-derived from follicular helper T cells is important for their development into full-fledged memory cells. Germinal centers (GCs)...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Nature immunology 2017-08, Vol.18 (8), p.921-930 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Germinal centers generate high-affinity memory B cells. Qi and colleagues identify a precursor of memory B cells in germinal centers and demonstrate that the cytokine IL-9-derived from follicular helper T cells is important for their development into full-fledged memory cells.
Germinal centers (GCs) support high-affinity, long-lived humoral immunity. How memory B cells develop in GCs is not clear. Through the use of a cell-cycle-reporting system, we identified GC-derived memory precursor cells (GC-MP cells) that had quit cycling and reached G0 phase while in the GC, exhibited memory-associated phenotypes with signs of affinity maturation and localized toward the GC border. After being transferred into adoptive hosts, GC-MP cells reconstituted a secondary response like genuine memory B cells. GC-MP cells expressed the interleukin 9 (IL-9) receptor and responded to IL-9. Acute treatment with IL-9 or antibody to IL-9 accelerated or retarded the positioning of GC-MP cells toward the GC edge and exit from the GC, and enhanced or inhibited the development of memory B cells, which required B cell–intrinsic responsiveness to IL-9. Follicular helper T cells (T
FH
cells) produced IL-9, and deletion of IL-9 from T cells or, more specifically, from GC T
FH
cells led to impaired memory formation of B cells. Therefore, the GC development of memory B cells is promoted by T
FH
cell–derived IL-9. |
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ISSN: | 1529-2908 1529-2916 |
DOI: | 10.1038/ni.3788 |