Preoperative evaluation of left common iliac vein in oblique lateral interbody fusion at L5–S1

Purpose Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) L5–S1 is essentially to perform an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in the lateral position. Because the surgical procedures are performed “obliquely” over the left common iliac vein (LCIV), ensuring that the vein is protected which is particularly important. We aimed to evaluate the configuration of LCIV and its risk of mobilization during anterior approach at L5–S1 segment. Methods This study involved 65 consecutive patients who underwent anterior lumbar fusion (ALIF, n = 39; OLIF, n = 26) at the L5–S1 segment. Three independent examiners evaluated the configuration of the LCIV at the L5–S1 disc on axial magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine. The LCIV was categorized into three types according to the difficulty of mobilization: type I (no requirement for mobilization; LCIV runs laterally for more than two-thirds of the length of the left side of the L5–S1 disc), type II (easy mobilization; LCIV obstructs the L5–S1 disc space, but the perivascular adipose tissue is present under the LCIV), and type III (potentially difficult mobilization; no perivascular adipose tissue under the LCIV). The patient records were reviewed for vascular complications. Results There were 21 men and 44 women in this study, with a mean age of 63.4 years (range 19–83 years). Type I LCIV configuration was found in 32 (49.2%) patients, type II in 18 (27.7%), and type III in 15 (23.1%). There were 7 (10.8%) patients with LCIV injury (type I, n = 0; type II, n = 2; type III, n = 5) ( P = 0.003). Intraobserver reliability for the LCIV classification ranged from substantial to excellent, and interobserver reliability ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions Preoperative evaluation for anterior approach to the L5–S1 segment should take account of the LCIV position, as well as the difficulty of its mobilization. The type III LCIV configuration showed a high rate of vascular injury.