Orthodontic force application upregulated pain-associated prostaglandin-I2/PGI2-receptor/TRPV1 pathway-related gene expression in rat molars

This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and protein localization of prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) synthase (PGIS), the PGI 2 receptor (IP receptor) and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) in force-stimulated rat molars, toward the elucidation of the PGI 2 -IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway that is in operation in the pulp and possibly associated with orthodontic pain and inflammation. Experimental force was applied to the maxillary first and second molars by inserting an elastic band between them for 6–72 h. PGIS , PTGIR (the IP receptor gene), and TRPV1 mRNA levels in the coronal pulp were analyzed with real-time PCR. PGIS, IP receptor, and TRPV1 proteins were immunostained. The force stimulation induced significant upregulation of PGIS at 6–24 h, and PTGIR and TRPV1 at 6 and 12 h in the pulp. PGIS was immunolocalized in odontoblasts and some fibroblasts in the force-stimulated pulp. The IP receptor and TRPV1 immunoreactivities were detected on odontoblasts and some nerve fibers. It was concluded that PGIS , PTGIR , and TRPV1 in rat molar pulp were significantly upregulated shortly after the force application, and that the IP receptor was co-expressed on TRPV1-expressing nerves and odontoblasts. These findings suggest that the PGI 2 -IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway is associated with the acute phase of force-induced pulp changes involving odontoblasts and nerves.