Gait dynamics in Pisa syndrome and Camptocormia: The role of stride length and hip kinematics

Highlights • PD patients with axial deviations show reduced walking velocity and stride length. • Stride and step length reduction is associated with reduced functional abilities. • Kinematic data reveal marked reduction in ROMs at lower-extremity joints. • Patients with postural deformities present an hip flexion pattern over gait cycle. • Hip ROMs’ reduction contributes to lower speed and reduced gait performance.