Response of carious enamel to TiF4 varnish treatment under diverse cariogenic activities in situ

Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of TiF4 and NaF varnishes on pre-demineralized bovine enamel under different cariogenic activities in situ. METHODS Twenty subjects participated of this in situ study with 3 crossover phases (14 days each), in which they wore palatal appliances containing demineralized bovine enamel samples (8 samples/appliance for phase) treated with TiF4 , NaF (all with 2.45% F) or placebo varnish. The samples were subjected to different cariogenic conditions (1. absence of biofilm accumulation and sucrose exposure; 2. presence of biofilm and absence of sucrose exposure; 3. presence of biofilm and 20% sucrose exposure 4x/day; 4. presence of biofilm and 20% sucrose exposure 8x/day). All were exposed to fluoride dentifrice (2x/day). The mineral content and lesion depth were evaluated using transverse microradiography (TMR) and the data were subjected to RM two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (p