Cytokine response in crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection

We described the predictive role of cytokines in fatality of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) infection by using daily clinical sera samples. Consequent serum samples of the selected patients in different severity groups and healthy controls were examined by using human cytokine 17‐plex assay. We included 12 (23%) mild, 30 (58%) moderate, 10 (19%) severe patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. The mean age of the patients was 52 (sd 15), 52% were female. Forty‐six patients (88%) received ribavirin. During disease course, the median levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐10/12, IFN‐γ, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1b were found to be significantly higher among CCHF patients than the healthy controls. Within the first 5 days after onset of disease, among the fatal cases, the median levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 were found to be significantly higher than the survived ones (Fig. 3), and MCP‐1 was elevated among fatal cases, but statistical significance was not detected. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IL‐8 (92%), IL‐6 (92%), MCP‐1 (79%) were found to be the most significant cytokines in predicting the fatality rates in the early period of the disease (5 days). IL‐6 and IL‐8 can predict the poor outcome, within the first 5 days of disease course. Elevated IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels within first 5 days could be used as prognostic markers.