Insulin-induced inhibition of gluconeogenesis genes, including glutamic pyruvic transaminase 2, is associated with reduced histone acetylation in a human liver cell line

Abstract Objectives Hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; also known as alanine aminotransferase) is a gluconeogenesis enzyme that catalyzes conversions between alanine and pyruvic acid. It is also used as a blood biomarker for hepatic damage. In this study, we investigated whether insulin regulates GPT expression, as it does for other gluconeogenesis genes, and if this involves the epigenetic modification of histone acetylation. Methods Human liver-derived HepG2 cells were cultured with 0.5–100 nM insulin for 8 h, and the mRNA expression of GPT , glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase ( GOT ), γ-glutamyltransferase ( GGT ), PCK1 , G6PC and FBP1 was measured. We also investigated the extent of histone acetylation around these genes. Results Insulin suppressed the mRNA expression of gluconeogenesis genes ( GPT2 , GOT1 , GOT2 , GGT1 , GGT2 , G6PC , and PCK1 ) in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA levels of GPT2 , but not GPT1 , were decreased by insulin. Histone acetylation was also reduced around GPT2 , G6PC , and PCK1 in response to insulin. Conclusion The expression of GPT2 and other gluconeogenesis genes such as G6PC and PCK1 was suppressed by insulin, in association with decreases in histone H3 and H4 acetylation surrounding these genes.