Immunoexpression of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HAT1 in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma

Background Acetylation and deacetylation are the most studied covalent histone modifications resulting in transcriptional regulation with histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) as the main associated enzymes. These enzymes overexpression induces abnormal transcription of key genes that regulate important cellular functions, such as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Thus, the expression of different HATs and HDACs has been evaluated in various cancers. Objective To investigate HDAC1, HDAC2 and HAT1 expression in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and actinic cheilitis (AC) and to demonstrate their correlation with DNA metyltransferases (DNMTs). Material and methods Thirty cases of lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), thirty cases of actinic cheilitis (AC), and 28 cases of non‐neoplastic epithelium as control were selected for immunohistochemical investigation. Results Nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity was significantly higher in AC (75.07% ± 29.70) when compared with LSCC (51.06% ± 39.02). HDAC1 and HAT1 nuclear immunostaining were higher in AC, with no statistical significance. When comparing data with our previous study, we found a positive correlation between HDAC1 X DNMT1/DNMT3b, HDAC2 X DNMT3b, and HAT1 X DNMT1/DNMT3b for certain studied groups. Conclusion This study showed higher levels of nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity in AC, possibly indicating that this enzyme plays a key role in lip photocarcinogenesis early stages.