Genetic population structure and neighbourhood population size estimates of the caddisfly Plectrocnemia conspersa

Summary 1. We used both genetic and ecological methods to evaluate the role of history and the scale of colonisation in structuring populations of the caddisfly Plectrocnemia conspersa. There was no genetic differentiation between sites up to 20 km apart, despite population sizes suggesting that genetic drift could create substantial variation at this scale. 2. Genetic differentiation between populations separated by more than 20 km was greater than expected given the contrasting short‐range trend, and implied a neighbourhood population size that is implausibly small. Therefore, the evolutionary processes that affect the short‐range trend do not explain differentiation over greater distances. 3. At small scales (